The MoCA physical network topology is determined by existing coax cabling and is usually some form of tree topology, with splitters used for the branching. This can be overcome by programming the MoCA network to not use the conflicting channels, but it may be one reason why MoCA technology is not offered by pay TV carriers. In Australia, HFC cable uses a band from 5MHz to 700MHz (Optus), or up to 750MHz (Telstra), and the higher end conflicts with MoCA frequencies. The output signal from the low noise block on the dish occupies a band generally in the region 950Mhz to 2150MHz, depending on type, and this overlaps most of the MoCA signal bands. MoCA is not suitable for use where coaxial cabling is used for distributing a satellite service. A filter is still fitted at the point of entry, to ensure the MoCA network does not put any unwanted signals back into the pay TV network. In the United States, pay TV frequencies are outside the range of frequencies used by MoCA, and the two services can operate simultaneously on the same cable. MoCA networking is intended to operate on the same cabling as the pay TV service. MoCA 2.0 also supports two low-power modes: sleep and standby. The operating frequency range for version 2.0 is 500-1650MHz. There is also a channel-bonded point-to-point ‘turbo mode’ that can provide 1Gbps net throughput. MoCA 2.0 supports two performance modes – basic and enhanced – offering 400Mbps and 800Mbps net throughput respectively. MoCA 1.1 provides 175Mbps net throughput and operates in the 500-1500MHz frequency range. Both were ratified in 2010 and both support up to 16 networked devices on a single network. Two approved versions of the MoCA specification are available – 1.1 and 2.0. The alliance, established in 2004, approved the first MoCA specification in 2006 and this is now the legacy 1.0 version. This type is installed in the home to provide access to cable TV services (eg: Foxtel in Australia) or hybrid fibre coax (HFC) internet services (also known as ‘cable internet’). MoCA uses 75W coaxial cabling with the familiar F-type screw connectors. The last version of this type of network ran at 10Mbps over 50W coax in a bus topology using BNC connectors. Those with long memories will recall the days of 10Base2 and 10Base5 coax-based Ethernet. In essence, MoCA technology is another form of coax-based Ethernet. The alliance provides a list of certified products on its website: Only members have access to the technology, and MoCA-enabled devices are certified to work on MoCA networks. The alliance has 53 member companies, including some large entertainment electronics manufacturers (Samsung, LG), networking electronics manufacturers (Cisco, D-Link, Huawei, Netgear, ZyXel), cable TV operators (Verizon, Broadcom) and some chip manufacturers and distributors. MoCA technology can also be used to provide the copper link to a wireless router for extending the reach of wireless networks. Suitable content for an MoCA compliant network include HD TV, Ultra HD TV, gaming, large file transfers and general local area network traffic.
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